Primary keys revisited

Defining entity equality based on database identity suffers from a severe deficiency: Newly created instances invariably differ from any foreign non-identical instance regardless whether it does have a database identity or not. We consider an example:

package session2;
	  ...
	  public class CompareNewlyCreated { ...

	  // Create two transient instances
	  final User a = new User(123, "goik", "Martin Goik"), ❶
          b = new User(123, "goik", "Martin Goik"); ❷

	  System.out.println("a.equals(b):" + a.equals(b)); ❸

	  {
	  final Session session = HibernateUtil.createSessionFactory("session2/hibernate.cfg.xml").openSession();
	  final Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();

	  // previously saved as  new User(123, "goik", "Martin Goik");
	  final User user = (User) session.load(User.class, 1L); ❹

	  System.out.println("a.equals(user)):" + a.equals(user)); ❺

	  transaction.commit();
	  session.close();
	  } ...

Apparently this is definitely wrong: We do have unique database index definitions. All objects in question do have common values 123 and "goik" on these respective keys.